MATERI SEMESTER I

ALGORITMA

Pengertian Algoritma :

 

1. Sejarah istilah "algoritma"

Kata algoritma berasal dari latinisasi nama seorang ahli matematika dari Uzbekistan Al Khawarizmi (hidup sekitar abad ke-9), sebagaimana tercantum pada terjemahan karyanya dalam bahasa latin dari abad ke-12 "Algorithmi de numero Indorum". Pada awalnya kata algorisma adalah istilah yang merujuk kepada aturan-aturan aritmetis untuk menyelesaikan persoalan dengan menggunakan bilangan numerik arab (sebenarnya dari India, seperti tertulis pada judul di atas).

 

2. Algoritma adalah : kumpulan urutan perintah yahng menentukan operasi – operasi tertentu yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah atau pun mengerjakan suatu tugas tertentu.

 

Jenis - Jenis Bilangan Dalam Algoritma

Bil biner

 Ø  Dari decimal (modulus 10 ) ke modulus apapun berarti : dibagi

Ø  Dari modulus apapun ke decimal (modulus 10 ) berarti : Di kali

Ø  Dari satu modulus ke modulus lainnya selain modulus 10,,caranya: modulus yg pertama di rubah ke modulus 10 br dari modulus 10 di rubah ke modulus yg di inginkan

Contoh :

Biner(modls 2)	Tetra( mdls 4)	Deca(mdls 8)	Hexa(modulus 16)	Modulus 3
11101	A	B	C	D
E	1231	F	G	H

 Jawab :

Untuk menjawab soal  A, B, C dan D : dari modulus 2 (biner) dirubah ke modulus 10 (decimal), karena biner yg diketahui.

Maka :

11101₂ = …..₁₀

= 1⁴1³1²0¹1⁰ ₂ = (1 X 2⁴) + (1 X 2³) + (1 X 2²)+ (0 X 2¹) +(1 X 2⁰)

                                        =16 +8 + 4 + 0 + 1

                                        = 29₁₀

 

A.      29₁₀ = ……..₄

= 29/4 =7 sisa 1

7/4 = 1 sisa 3

Jadi : 29₁₀ = 131₄

B.      29₁₀ = ……₈

= 29/8 = 3 sisa 5

Jadi 29₁₀ = 35₈

 

C.      29₁₀ = …….₁₆

=29/16 = 1 sisa 13           13 dalm modulus 16 di simbolkan dengn huruf  D

Jadi 29₁₀ = 1D₁₆

 

Utuk D,E,F,G dan H caranya sama.

           HUKUM - HUKUM DALAM    ALGORITMA

1. HUKUM ASOSIASI

Ø  (X OR Y) OR  Z = X OR ( Y OR OR Z )

Ø  ( X AND Y ) AND Z = X (Z AND Y )

 2. HUKIM DISTRIBUSI

Ø X AND ( Y OR Z ) = (X AND Y ) OR ( X AND Z )

Ø X OR ( Y AND Z ) = ( X OR Y) AND (X OR Z )

3. HUKUM KOMUTATIF

Ø A OR B = B OR A

Ø A AND B = B AND A

4. HUKUM DE MORGAN

Ø X    OR Y   =  X AND Y

Ø X AND Y    =   X OR Y

RUMUS – RUMUS YANG LAIN

[ A AND C ] OR [ A OR C]  = [A OR C]

 

 

 

 

MS WORD

 

NAME	FUNCTION	SYMBOL
Home	·         To containe  the command-command that general used.
	·         Cut : to cut the blocked ·         Copy : to copy the blocked ·         Paste : to paste that copied/cuted   ·         Font: to change zise and colour font, to print bold,italic and under line     ·         Alignment : align text to right, left, center, top or bottom ·         To wrap text       ·         Number : to format a number         ·         Styles : to format cell      ·         Cell : to insert rows, cell or columns, to delete colums or rows, to change  colums or rows     ·         Editing : can used to delete everything from the sheet, to calculate SUM, AVERAGE, MAX and MIN, to sort and filter, to find and select specific text
insert	·         Tables : to make table and to pivot chart             ·         Illustrations : to insert picture, clip art, shapes or smartArt in to the document       ·         Charts : to insert column chart, line chart, pie chart, area chart, scatter chart, and can insert a stock, surface, doughnut, bubble or radar chart       ·         Links : to create a link in the web page     ·         Text : to insert a text box, edit the header and footer of the document, insert decorative text, insert the signature line, insert an ambedded object and characters that are not on the keybord
Page layout	·         Themes :  to change the colours, fonts and effects for the current document, to change the overall design of the entire document               ·         Page setup : to arrange paper appearance like paper size measure and margin;       ·         Scale to fit : to arrange line size measure and column and also scale       ·         Sheet Options to arranging appearance of worksheet.         ·         Arrange to compile appearance shape exist in worksheet.
Formulas	·         Function Library contain entire/all function exist in Excel 2007.               ·         Defines Names untuk pemberian nama pada ruang kerja Excel             ·         Formula auditing :trace precedents, trace dependents or remove that arrows drawn by trace precedents or dependents, to display the formula, check the common errors that occurs in formula, launch the evaluate formulas, monitors the values of certain cells   ·         Calculation : specify when formulas are calculated
Data	·         Get external  Data : to [do/conduct] data import of other source               ·         Connections : to  [doing/conducting] koneksi intake of data from outside.         ·         Sort & Filter :  to [do/conduct] data sequence and screening           ·         Data Tools : to check and arrangement of data;       ·         Out line : to make group or ungroup	26
Review	·         [Is] used to check spelling, translating word,  giving and comment of mem-protect worksheet. Command-Command which there are in it that is ·         Proofing;   ·         Comments;         ·         Changes.
view	·         Workbooks View : to arrange appearance of worksheet and workbook.             ·         Show/Hide : to show and hide tool [at] appearance of worksheet and of workbook       ·         Zoom : to enlarge and minimize.           ·         Window to arrange appearance of window and worksheet of workbook.               ·         and Macros :  to run function of macro [at] Excel 2007.